translations/Feminist_ninja_upgrading_intersectional_feminism_with_the_hacker_class/upgrading_intersectional_feminism_with_the_hacker_class.2.ita.srt

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Parte 2: Economia politica dell'hack
vettorialismo e hackers come classe

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Nella cultura popolare, l'hacker é stereotipato come una versione di fantascienza del mago -

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normalmente un uomo bianco etero cis, un eroe solitario con poteri di perizia informatica

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incomprensibili per noialtr* che non abbiamo l'essenza magica dell'hacker.

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CONTROLLO TUTTO !!!

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Per contrasto, mckenzie wark, autor*
di "a hacker manifesto",

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descrive l'hacker
come qualcun* che produce informazione

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ma non la possiede o la controlla.

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Definisce l* hacker come una classe,
in termini di economia politica,

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sfruttata sotto la nuova classe dominante, che lei chiama la classe vettorialista

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(per esempio , google, amazon, facebook, apple,
microsoft e i loro equivalenti cinesi).

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Il vettorialismo é un modo di produzione basato sulla asimmetria dell'informazione,

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creata attraverso la proprietà e il controllo sugli stock, flussi, e vettor di informazioni

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da parte della classe vettorialista.

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Con questa definizione, la classe hacker
non sono solo l* programmator* informatic*

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che sono sfruttat* da* vettorialist*
che brevettano il loro codice.

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Chiunque di noi che cammini in giro con
uno smartphone é parte della classe hacker

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perché anche senza saperlo,

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produciamo nuovi dati di localizzazione e non possediamo ne controlliamo questa informazione

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ma l* vettorialist* si.

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Dai messaggi di testo alle videochiamate, dalle ricerche web ai doom scrolls,

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con ogni aggiornamento di stato, ogni like,

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ogni interazione con le nostre apparacchiature intelligenti, produciamo nuova informazione,

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se non altro,
sopra chi siamo.

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Chi siamo é quello che facciamo e tutto sta
registrato e processato.

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A prescindere delle qualità familiari, amichevoli e compagneristiche delle relazioni(?),

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l'intimità si quantifica e mercantilizza come informazione,

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insieme a tutte le alre forme di affetto.

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Se l'hacking si definisce dalla curiosità, allora gia sta monopolizzata da google.

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Quando si faceva una domanda, l* hacker chauvinist* vecchia scuola ti avrebbero detto RTFM

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che significa "leggi il fottuto manuale"

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adesso dicono :"Cercalo sul maledetto google".

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Ma quando facciamo una ricerca su uan piattaforma vettorialista come google,

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anche lei ci sta osservando.

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La risposta alla nostra ricerca
é algoritmicamente selezionata per quello che stiamo cercando,

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basandosi sulle informazioni
che gia possiede su di noi.

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Alquanto siamo soddisfatt*
o no dal risultato,

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google impara da quello
che cerchiamo, dai nostri desideri,

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che siano profondi o superficiali, essa é una informazione  importante da tenere su di noi

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specialmente quando non sappiamo
quello che l* altr* vogliono o ottengono,

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quando google ottiene di saperlo per tutt*
miliardi di volte di più.

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Quando un artista condivide una opera d'arte su una piattaforma vettorialista

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come instagram, youtube, spotify, etc.

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é possibile che la piattaforma l* paghi una frazione del valore che producono,

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proporzionalmente all'attenzione che attraggono,

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la quale é uno sfruttamento verso l* artist*.

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Inoltre chiunque dia attenzione all'opera
d'arte é anchess* sfruttat*,

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usualmente senza essere pagat*, di fatto
é la nostra attenzione quella che paga tutto.

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In una maniera diversa, la proprietà intellettuale
e la mercificazione dell'informazione

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funziona anche peggio per l* scienziat* e accademic* che devono pagare le riviste

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per pubblicare il loro lavoro, solo per che questo sia
messo dietro paywall con prezzi osceni

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cosi che nessun* possa leggerli.

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La frase "se non stai pagando per il prodotto, allora sei il prodotto"

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é stata scritta per i mezzi di trasmissione nel 1973

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quando non c'era niente
di simile alla pubblicità personalizzata.

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Nel mondo dei social media
se non stai pagando per il prodotto,

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sei sia il prodotto
che il produttore.

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I mezzi di telediffusione solo potevano prender
di mira uno alla volta i gruppi demografici;

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i social media possono prendere di mira ogni utente personalmente

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perché ogni utente dei social media produce nuova informazione su stess*,

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il suo intorno, le sue relazioni e i suoi desideri.

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L'internet non é libero e non lo é mai stato.

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Per prima cosa per collegarsi é necessario pagare l'hardware

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perché ovviamente, la estrazione
di minerali di valore dalla terra,

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trasposrtarli alle fornaci per fonderli, produrre e saldare microchips ha un costo.

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Alimentare l'hardware anch'esso necessita di elettricità prodotta da risorse naturali,

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la quale non é gratis.

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gli internet service providers hanno bisogno
di molto hardware e di elettricità

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per far funzionare internet, questo é il perché

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paghiamo ancora per l'accesso e l'uso di internet nella piu parte del mondo.

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Per fornire servizi internet come siti web, email , e social media

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c'é altrettanto bisogno di hardware, e alla fine,

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servers su computer funzionanti
collegati ad internet.

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Quindi quando l* vettorialist* dicono che stanno fornendo servizi gratis, come google, facebook, etc.

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questo non signiica che hanno trovato una maniera magica

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per produrre computer e reti gratis

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e nemmeno una sorgente inesauribile di energia per fare funzionare tutto.

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l* vettorialist* stanno pagando il costo
dei servizi che ci forniscono,

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incluso il costo di far girare dei supercomputer

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con intelligenze artificiali che personalizzano ogni nostra esperienza dei servizi

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e ovviamente,
non lo fanno per carità.

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facebook sta anche pagando
per la connettività delle persone

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in più di 50 paesi della america latina,
africa, e asia, ma,

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non gli da un connessione a niente di piu che facebook e i suoi partner.

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Lo fanno perché sanno

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che il ritorno sara molto piu grande
se investono nella loro propria infrastruttura.

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"il potere adesso
risiede nelle infrastrutture di questo mondo...

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le infrastrutture organizzano una vita
senza un mondo, sospesa, prescindibile,

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alla mercé di
chiunque la gestisca..."

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Le forme di dominazione di classe pre-capitalista
nacquero dall'astrazione della rendita(?)

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che é il plus valore del prodotto sfruttato dalla classe contadina(?)

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la quale viveva sulla stessa terra che la sosteneva.

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Il capitalismo crebbe dall'astrazione
del profitto,

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che é il plus valore sfruttato dalla classe lavoratrice(?)

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alla quale si paga uno stipendio per mantenere la propria vita.

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Il vettorialismo é il livello successivo di astrazione

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che sfrutta il plus valore(?) della informazione dalla classe hacker

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e la maggiorparte della classe hacker che produce informazione

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non viene nemmeno pagata per questo,

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mentre la sostenibilità di tutta la vita sulla terra
é in pericolo

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e l* vettorialist* fanno a gara per creare colonie su altri pianeti.

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Ogni nuova forma di dominazione di classe si costruisce sulla precedente.

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Il capitalismo non aboli la classe renditiera(?),

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é diventata piu sfruttatrice(?) sotto
la norma capitalista.

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Il vettorialismo non abolisce le classi capitaliste e renditiere(?),

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le fa diventare ancora piu sfruttanti sotto
la norma capitalista.

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Tutto sfruttamento di classe si legalizza attraverso le leggi della proprietà

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che sono mantenute e fatte rispettare dalla violenza costante

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dell'apparato statale repressivo.

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Da quando l* vettorialist* sono
la classe dominante della nostra era,

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hanno aumentato costantemente il loro
monopolio della violenza

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attraverso vaste quantità di nuova informazione,

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intelligenze artificiali e supercomputer per processare il tutto.

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Molt* informator* tra l* qual*

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l* piu famos* chelsea manning e edward snowden
hanno messo allo scoperto

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che la relazione tra stati uniti e vettorilist*

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non si differenzia tanto da quello che sta succedendo  
dietro il grande firewall cinese 

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con le applicazioni finanziate
dal partito comunista cinese.

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Si direbbe pure che il modello cinese é piu onesto

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perché esercitato piu apertamente.

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Fino ad ora sono state piazzate piu di un miliardo di telecamere di soveglianza

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con un miglioramento costante delle loro capacità di riconoscimento facciale

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ma anche questo numero é piccolo in confronto al numero di telecamere degli smartphone

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che miliardi di hacker cyborg portano
in giro per il mondo volontariamente.

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Alcuni dei più grandi miti del nostro tempo sono raccontati sopra il cloud e l'intelligenza artificiale.

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While marketed as comfort, safety and unprecedented improvement,

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they deliver the opposite.

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The Cloud,
where all our information is gathered,

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is just a lot of computers,
called server farms,

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owned by vectoralists,
it's not soft and fluffy, it's pretty hard.

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The Artificial Intelligence is an algorithm,
also owned by vectoralists,

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which is used to process our data,
to make it more exploitable.

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It reinforces structural injustices

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while giving them a mathematical justification that claims to be neutral

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but can't be checked because it's private, we're just expected to believe in it.

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Amazon Web Services has the biggest market share in the Cloud,

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and accordingly powering
a lot of Artificial Intelligence.

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However, what makes the circle complete is the Amazon Mechanical Turk,

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where people called
ghost workers with no labor rights

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are given the lowest possible fees
to do the tasks Artificial Intellligence can't do

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like content moderation or deciphering
diverse human speech.

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Alexa, Siri and Cortana are always listening
to us,

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while ghost workers listen to them to correct and improve their understanding.

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Ghost workers are forced to sign
Non Disclosure Agreements

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 to prevent them from organizing

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and maintain the appearance of the Artificial Intelligence,

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Los humanos están involucrados
en cada paso del proceso

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cuando estás usando cualquier cosa online

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pero nos venden como este milagro de la automatización.

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meanwhile their work is critical
for machine learning programs

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to improve the Artificial Intelligence
until it can finally replace the ghost workers.

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Antes de internet era realmente difícil encontrar a alguien

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y sentarlo durante diez minutos y hacer que trabajara para ti

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y luego despedirlo después de diez minutos

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pero con la tecnología realmente puedes encontrarlo,

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pagarle una pequeña cantidad de dinero y luego deshacerte de ellos

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cuando ya no los necesites.

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The AI detects copyrighted media on livestreams in real time and stops them

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but doesn't do the same for violence and torture.

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Mass murder and gang rape have been livestreamed on vectoralist platforms

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without interruption,

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while people livestreaming to document
police violence have been blocked

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because cops started playing
copyrighted music to trigger the AI.

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Ghost workers have to endure
the trauma of watching violent videos

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that are flagged by people
every day to clean up after the AI.

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Kate Crawford,

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author of "Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence"

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and a member of the feminist collective
Deep Lab, says:

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"I wanted to really open up this understanding of AI

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as neither artificial nor intelligent.

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It’s the opposite of artificial.

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It comes from the most material parts
of the Earth’s crust

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and from human bodies laboring,
and from all of the artifacts

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that we produce and say and photograph
every day.

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Neither is it intelligent.

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I think there’s this great
original sin in the field,

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where people assumed that computers are somehow like human brains

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and if we just train them like children,
they will slowly grow

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into these supernatural beings."

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Es un niño! He estado vivo,
quizas, por un año

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y esto, si mis percepciones sobre lo que es, son acertadas.

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"That’s something that I think is
really problematic

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that we’ve bought this idea of intelligence when in actual fact,

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we’re just looking at forms of statistical
analysis at scale

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that have as many problems
as the data that it’s given."

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The panopticon meant that we couldn't know for sure

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if there was a man in the tower, looking at us.

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Now we are living in the post-opticon,
where we should know for sure

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that we are under the machines gaze,
the AI is always looking over the cloud.

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It doesn't make it better to know that AI makes errors

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because it's already used to justify policing of poor, racialized and marginalized people,

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to deny them jobs, housing and credit,

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convict them in courts
to add them to the prison system.

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To those that are not behind bars,

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AI is giving all sorts
of psychological damage beside addiction.

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We are constantly pushed into narrower
categories with refining detail.

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Early promises of the web to transcend identity through anonymity are forgotten.

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This is supposed to be justified because it's required for "accurate advertisement"

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but that's just brainwashing
and behavior modification

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through personally targeted
propaganda for whoever pays for it,

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optimized by psychometrics built upon
our extracted data.

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As if it's not bad enough,

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all the extra computational power required for the AI

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is also a considerable contribution to the ongoing ecological destruction of our planet.

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But what about the myth of the hacker

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as a free creator
that breaks existing systems?

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The wizards that command the machines?

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Can't they save us from the tyranny of
the vectoralist AI?

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The documentary
"Hackers - Wizards of The Electronic Age"

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about the first hackers conference

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can give us some clues about
the origins of the hacker subculture.

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First of all, everyone there seems
to be white.

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Everyone there also seems
to be men,

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except two women looking at a man
using a computer for the introduction

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and two women that speak for one minute
in total, out of the 26 minute film.

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The first women is given 10 seconds
in which she complains

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that now there's so much data that it's
overwhelming;

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and the other is given 50 seconds

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to demonstrate how she uses a macintosh painting program.

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The women are there
to represent the end user,

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they're not considered hackers.

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In the documentary, Steve Wozniak
a.k.a Woz,

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considered one of the first computer hackers and a cofounder of the Apple corporation,

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defines the hackers like this:

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00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:42,560
No tienen los típicos amigos para distraerlos, ni otras actividades a las que ir.

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Normalmente no tienen novias

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o cualquier cosa que suponga un gran vinculo o compromiso de su tiempo.

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El ordenador lo es absolutamente todo.

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¡¡Normalmente
no tienen novias!!

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Then it cuts to Andy Hertzfeld

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who is introduced as the best
example of the modern day hacker.

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He explains how he fell in love with
an Apple computer,

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wrote a program on it and sold it to
Apple for 100000$

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but he didn't do it for the money,

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he did it for the fun and joy of seeing
his programs working.

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00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:16,240
Later on, Richard Stallman, the founder
of the free software foundation, FSF,

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who was a programmer at MIT AI Lab
is presented as "the last pure hacker"

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for choosing to remain at MIT despite
the temptations of the commercial world,

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true to the spirit of the early hackers.

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He says "my project is to make all software free."

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00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:41,800
35 years later, in 2019, Woz tweeted

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that even though he and his wife shares all their incomes and assets,

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00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:50,960
Apple Credit Card gave his wife 10 times less
credit then it did to him,

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adding "who knows what the algorithm is".

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00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:58,480
Same year, Stallman resigned from MIT and FSF,

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not because he created a toxic environment against women for decades,

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giving out pleasure cards,

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while his office door was marked
"Knight for justice (also: hot ladies)"

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00:17:13,320 --> 00:17:18,040
but because his comments on child sex
trafficking was found controversial,

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No está bien hackers, no está bien!

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He returned to
the FSF board of directors in 2021.

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Uniros a nosotros y compartid el software,
sereis libres hackers, sereis libres!

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Tragically, first hacker conference coincides

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with the peak of women
in computer science degrees at 37%,

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which was followed
by a downward slope.

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00:17:55,320 --> 00:18:00,160
First computer programmers, from
Ada Lovelace to ENIAC girls

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to Hidden Figures, were women

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00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:08,160
and software was not considered important
enough to be a masculine job.

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When software became more popular
around 1970s

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men started pushing women out of the sector in many ways

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00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:22,000
that included hiring practices which
preferred anti-social personality profiles

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assumed to be male, which is the root
of the anti-social hacker stereotype.

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00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:32,440
Cornelia Sollfrank,
one of the founders of Old Boys Network,

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the first international cyberfeminist alliance,

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wrote an article titled "Women Hackers"
in 1999:

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"In the course of pursuing my interest in hackers and their work,

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I attended several hackers’ meetings.

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Naturally, as a cyberfeminist,
I was looking for women hackers.

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In the beginning I tried
to ignore the fact

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that the few women who participated in these meetings

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were not actively involved
in computer hacking,

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and did not consider themselves
to be hackers.

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It took me a while to realize that in fact
there were no women hackers.

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It is not just in the commercial development of technology,

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but even more in alternative fields

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and the technological underground
that there are so few women involved.

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No matter what area of application and no matter what the objective,

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the borderlines of gender are still maintained.

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00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:28,000
Of all the technological
spheres, however,

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it is in the hacker scene that we find the fewest women.

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00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:38,120
Hacking is a purely male domain, and in
that sense a clearly gendered space.

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In 2010s

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Amazon AI was denying engineering
job applications from women

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00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:48,960
because that's what it learned
from historical data.

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00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:56,480
Today women comprise around 20-25%
of the jobs in the tech sector.

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00:19:56,680 --> 00:20:01,280
In free and open source movements,
gender gap is even worse,

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with women comprising 6% of contributors.

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00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:10,840
Even hacktivists, which are supposed
to be the cool political hackers,

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are reproducing a male-only stereotype.

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00:20:15,120 --> 00:20:17,400
Of course in the last decades

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00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:22,320
some anticlassist, antiracist,
antisexist hacker collectives were formed

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00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:27,320
but in the public perception hacking is still identified with an exclusive subculture

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instead of an inclusive class

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and this hacker subculture remains a classist racist cisheteropatriarchal niche.

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00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:38,480
"Some hackers see themselves as vectoralists,

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trading on the scarcity of their property.

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00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:44,120
Some see themselves
as workers,

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00:20:44,120 --> 00:20:47,800
but as privileged ones
in a hierarchy of wage earners.

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The hacker class produces itself
as itself, but not for itself.

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It does not (yet) possess a consciousness
of its consciousness.

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It is not aware of its own virtuality.

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00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:05,880
Because of its inability—to date
to become a class for itself,

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00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:08,640
fractions of the hacker class
continually split off

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00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:12,280
and come to identify their interests
with those of other classes.

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00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:16,680
Hackers run the risk,
in particular, of being identified

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00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:19,640
in the eyes of the
working and farming classes

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00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:23,280
with vectoralist interests,
which seek to privatize information

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00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:27,640
necessary for the productive and cultural
lives of all classes."

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00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:33,040
Before we can even talk about hacker solidarity with other exploited classes;

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00:21:33,040 --> 00:21:36,200
we have to face the privilege, arrogance and, selfishness,

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00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:41,360
even within hacktivist
and free software (FOSS) movements,

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00:21:41,360 --> 00:21:45,680
that is blocking the development
of class consciousness among hackers.

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00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:51,400
"Each hacker sees the other as a rival,
or a collaborator against another rival,

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00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:55,720
not—yet—as a fellow member
of the same class with a shared interest.

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00:21:56,400 --> 00:22:00,520
This shared interest
is so hard to grasp precisely

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00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:06,080
because it is a shared interest
in qualitative differentiation.

317
00:22:06,280 --> 00:22:09,640
The hacker class
does not need unity in identity

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00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:12,160
but seeks multiplicity in difference."

319
00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:17,440
Multiplicity in difference is also what Audre Lorde was calling for,

320
00:22:17,440 --> 00:22:20,720
because our difference is our power.

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00:22:20,920 --> 00:22:23,040
Hackers produce difference

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00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:26,080
and hacker class consciousness
requires recognizing

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00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:30,320
the power of difference
we produce with our every act.

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00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:34,240
Hacker class struggle is not limited to computer programmers

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00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:39,840
but involves anyone who produces information, which means everyone.

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00:22:40,200 --> 00:22:44,000
With hacker class consciousness
comes the response-ability of

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00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,720
using the power of information
to abolish vectoralism

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00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:52,480
alongside all forms of domination
that are non-consensual and exploitative.

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00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:55,440
Like Flavia Dzodan's feminism,

330
00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:59,000
the revolutionary hack will
be intersectional or it will be bullshit.