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- April 27th 2021
- After weeks of discomfort and uncertainty about the ins and outs of this project, and what was asked of us as designers, from the Netherlands Food Partnership or the United Nations, and the feeling of a disconnect with reality, I would like to propose a catalog of non-solutions. Through the demonstration of the complexity of the cocoa and chocolate industry, I would also like to question the foundations of the subject on which we were asked to work. The underlying issues; our position as designers, the management of systemic problems by a demand for local solutions (solutions that are demanded by institutions such as the UN with a systemic scope), and what questions this relationship of requesting local and individual solutions in a global system raises.
- This catalog will not show any solutions on my part, I want to question and criticize a solutionist system to which design is entirely part.
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+ April 27th 2021
+ After weeks of discomfort and uncertainty about the ins and outs of this project, and what was asked of us as designers, from the Netherlands Food Partnership or the United Nations, and the feeling of a disconnect with reality, I would like to propose a catalog of non-solutions. Through the demonstration of the complexity of the cocoa and chocolate industry, I would also like to question the foundations of the subject on which we were asked to work. The underlying issues; our position as designers, the management of systemic problems by a demand for local solutions (solutions that are demanded by institutions such as the UN with a systemic scope), and what questions this relationship of requesting local and individual solutions in a global system raises.
+ This catalog will not show any solutions on my part, I want to question and criticize a solutionist system to which design is entirely part.
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+ May 24th 2021
+ Work in progress...
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+ tony's chocolate
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+ Tony's chocolate is a Dutch chocolate brand that claims to be 100% slave free. Indeed, child labor and modern slavery are the curse of the chocolate industry. As in every model of modern agriculture and supply chain this is explain by a pressure not in the middle of the chain leads by profits. Indeed, the cocoa producers are millions of small familial farms, and at the end of the chain, the consumer of chocolate who is also counts by billions. Unfortunately, the cocoa producers don’t sell directly to the consumer but have to trade with big companies who have the weight to make pressure on prices and productivity. And poverty can leads to child labor and modern slavery. Certifications or regulations are not sufficient to ensure an appropriate income for farmers.
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“On its own, a certification label does not enable farmers to live above the poverty line and provide a decent income for their families.” +
Tony’s Chocolate proposes several principles for the companies to act. To invest in farmers cooperatives who will act locally with the farmers and therefore organize a collective force. To pay the farmers more to increase their living income. And to set up a traceability of cocoa, because during the purchase and processing of cocoa beans by western companies, certified and non-certified beans are gathered to produce chocolate. +
“If you buy a bar of chocolate made with certified cocoa you know that somewhere in the world the equivalent quantity of certified beans was purchased. But they're not necessarily in your bar.” +
+ “On its own, a certification label does not enable farmers to live above the poverty line and provide a decent income for their families.” +
Tony’s Chocolate proposes several principles for the companies to act. To invest in farmers cooperatives who will act locally with the farmers and therefore organize a collective force. To pay the farmers more to increase their living income. And to set up a traceability of cocoa, because during the purchase and processing of cocoa beans by western companies, certified and non-certified beans are gathered to produce chocolate. +
“If you buy a bar of chocolate made with certified cocoa you know that somewhere in the world the equivalent quantity of certified beans was purchased. But they're not necessarily in your bar.” +
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+ Chocolate Atlas
- The Chocolate Atlas takes the viewer on a non-liner route through the world of cocoa. Using - the lens of cocoa to magnify the detached consumption of goods on a global base. A melt-inyour-mouth sweet for some and, amongst others, a child-slavery-based business for others. The - reality of food is not singular, which is why the Atlas is organized in an organic spread that can - be accessed at multiple points. Cocoa and its trade route is one of the most fragmented crops of - the world, equaling in increased accountability detachment from the fruit to the bar. -Project Developed
- at Design Academy of Eindhoven
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Curated and edited
- by Lison, Julia, Camille, Raphaelle, Gianmarco
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+ As we have seen, the production chain is very long, both because of the stages of transformation from raw material to consumption, but also because of the many actors involved. Thus actors and stages of transformation are key points that put pressure on the whole chain. Many producers and farms are involved in this massive production which will then be consumed massively, there are two distinct poles (geographical and political) on one side producers and on the other side consumers who in terms of individuals and human beings are much more numerous than the few multinationals which constrain and decide on the whole production. The market is highly inequitable.
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+ Harkin–Engel Protocol Wikipedia Page
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+ The Harkin–Engel Protocol is a public-private agreement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor (defined according to the International Labour Organization (ILO)'s Convention 182) in the growth and processing of cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The protocol was a voluntary agreement that partnered governments, the global cocoa industry, cocoa producers, cocoa laborers, non-governmenal organizations. The agreement laid out a series of date-specific actions, including the development of voluntary standards of public certification. The Protocol did not commit the industry to ending all child labor in cocoa production, only the worst forms of it. The parties agreed to a six-article plan:
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+ Harkin–Engel Protocol Wikipedia Page
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+ In April 2018, the Cocoa Barometer 2018 report on the $100-billion industry, said this about the child labor situation: "Not a single company or government is anywhere near reaching the sectorwide objective of the elimination of child labour, and not even near their commitments of a 70% reduction of child labour by 2020".
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+ Harkin–Engel Protocol Wikipedia Page
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+ The protocol laid out a non-binding agreement for the cocoa industry to regulate itself without any legal implications, but Engel threatened to reintroduce legislation if the deadlines were not met. This agreement was one of the first times an American industry was subjected to self-regulation and one of the first times self-regulation was used to address an international human rights issue.
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+ Harkin–Engel Protocol Wikipedia Page
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+ In 2009, cocoa from Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria was added to a list of products made by forced child labor maintained by the Department of Labor. This listing stemmed from a request by Anti-Slavery International in 2004 to investigate if Ivorian cocoa should be on this list. Executive Order 13126 requires federal contractors who supply products on the list must prove they have made a good faith effort to determine if the products were produced under forced labor. Thus contractors must prove they have made a good faith effort to determine if cocoa was produced under forced labor.
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+ The protocol was signed in 2001, with the intention that the 6 principles would be implemented by 2005. At that date, the requirements were not met; no certification standard, no change in the price of chocolate to enable cocoa farmers to lift themselves out of poverty. Companies are criticised for implementing the protocol at the lowest cost, without taking action to change the business model of the cocoa industry, which remains dependent on child labour.
+ Indeed, the protocol is a non-binding agreement, so that the cocoa industry regulates itself without legal implication. Corporate self-regulation is favoured to address a human rights issue.
+ In 2009, cocoa from the Ivory Coast and Nigeria was added to the list of products produced by child labour. Under Executive Order 13126, federal contractors who supply products on the list must prove that they have made a good faith effort to determine whether the products were produced using forced labour.
+ With the targets still not met in 2010, a new joint statement was issued: reduce the worst forms of child labour by 70% by 2020. In 2011, the cocoa industry had not completed any of the six articles.
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