Tool for authentication of Usenet control messages.
Original source: https://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/ and https://git.eyrie.org/?p=usenet/pgpcontrol.git
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<HTML><!-- -*- sgml -*- -->
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Authentication of Usenet Group Changes</TITLE>
<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:tale@isc.org">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Authentication of Usenet Group Changes</H1>
<P>This document addresses a method for the authentication of the special
types of Usenet articles that are used to maintain the namespace of
Usenet groups. A basic familiarity with what the Usenet control
message types "newgroup", "rmgroup" and "checkgroups" do is assumed;
this is not a tutorial in namespace administration.</P>
<P>Usenet articles are notoriously easy to forge, and control messages
are no exception. Since administrators often want to have their news
systems automatically honor requests from some particular people to
add or remove newsgroups, it is risky to trust the From: and Sender:
headers to identify the real sender of a message, as has historically
been done. Thus a system using Philip Zimmerman's
<A HREF="#Getting PGP">Pretty Good Privacy</A>®
(PGP® ) was developed to provide a more secure means
of authenticating the sender of a control message.</P>
<P>Unlike traditional PGP authentication of messages, which just
verifies that the contents of the body of a message are unchanged from
when it was digitally "signed", this system also needed to sign a few
headers of the control message to verify the action to be taken and
to guard against certain other pitfalls. Another goal was to make the
signature as unobtrusive as possible and require minimal changes to
existing software in order to work.</P>
<H2>How to Verify Control Messages</H2>
<P>Listed below are the steps you need to take to enable PGP
authentication of control messages on your system.</P>
<P>Here is the short and simple version for someone who feels confident
hacking around the news system and doesn't like to read a lot:</P>
<OL>
<LI>Get and configure the software:
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/pgpverify">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/pgpverify</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/</A>
</UL>
<LI>Add
<A HREF="#Keys">maintainers' PGP public keys</A>
to the news system key ring.
<LI>Enable verification through the news system authorization system.
<DL>
<DT>INN:
<DD>Use the action <B>verify-<I>pgp_userid</I></B> (possibly appended
<B>=<I>logfile</I></B>) in <I>control.ctl</I>.
<DT>C News:
<DD>Use the action <B>p</B> in the fourth field of <I>controlperm</I>.
<DT>Other systems:
<DD>Sorry, not implemented yet.
</DL>
<LI>Test <I>pgpverify</I>.
If you have the news.announce.newgroups key in your key ring, run
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/sample.control">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/sample.control</A>
through <I>pgpverify</I> on stdin. It should spit out the
string "news.announce.newgroups" on stdout.
</OL>
<P>Here is a more verbose version of the instructions:</P>
<P>
<OL>
<LI>
Get the software.
<P>There are two pieces of code that will need to be added to a news
server to make use of this authentication system: a stand-alone
script that verifies an article is what it says it is, and a
patch to hook it into the news server's processing of control messages.</P>
<P>The stand-alone program,
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/pgpverify">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/pgpverify</A>,
is a
<A HREF="#Getting Perl">Perl</A>
script that should work with Perl version 4 and up. (I have not tested
it with earlier versions.) It does not contain any code making it
dependent on any particular news server software.</P>
<P>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/</A>
has patches for hooking the system into existing news server software.
Choose the one for your system from the list below.</P>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/inn1.4sec/pgpcontrol.pch">
INN version 1.4sec</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/inn1.4unoff4/pgpcontrol.pch">
INN version 1.4unoff4</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/server-patches/cnews-CR.G/pgpcontrol.pch">
C News version CR.G</A>
(Courtesy of System Administrator <root@hp9000.laafb.af.mil> and
Charles Lindsey <chl@clw.cs.man.ac.uk>)
</UL>
<P>I regret that I do not have the time to develop more patches, but I
will gladly add patches for other systems to this page as they are
made available to me. The INN version 1.4sec patch will apply to
all INN "unoff" versions, albeit with a little bit of fuzz. I am not
positive what versions of C News will work with the C News CR.G
patch; if you try it with other versions, please let me know how it goes.</P>
<LI>
Install it in your news system.
<P>First you must ensure that the absolute paths to <I>perl</I> and to
<I>pgp</I> are correct in the first few lines of the <I>pgpverify</I>
program. No other configuration of options or pathnames should be
needed.</P>
<P>Next, the following steps assume, solely for the sake of making it
easy for me to write a simple recipe, that you have copied
<I>pgpverify</I> and the patch for your system to your news server as
<I>/tmp/pgpverify</I> and <I>/tmp/pgpcontrol.pch</I> respectively. I
have tried to format this so that you should be able to cut and paste
any of the lines in italics directly to your shell.</P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>If you are running INN:
<PRE>
cd to the executable program directory that has <I>ctlinnd</I>.
<I>mv /tmp/pgpverify pgpverify</I>
cd to the root of your INN source tree.
<I>cd site</I>
<I>patch < /tmp/pgpcontrol.pch</I>
<I>make install</I>
</PRE>
<P>It has been reported to me that at least one AIX system has problems
with <I>patch</I> not applying the last section of
<I>parsecontrol.pch</I>. If you run AIX, double check it and apply by
manually editing, if necessary.</P>
<LI>If you are running C News:
<PRE>
cd to the C News program directory that has <I>spacefor</I>.
<I>mv /tmp/pgpverify pgpverify</I>
cd to the root of your C News source tree.
<I>cd ctl</I>
<I>patch < /tmp/pgpcontrol.pch</I>
<I>make install</I>
</PRE>
<LI>If you are running some other system:
<P>You're out of luck until someone writes a patch and instructions for
your system and makes it available to me for redistribution.</P>
</UL>
<LI>
Enable verification for the hierarchies that interest you.
<P>To verify messages, you must have a
<A HREF="#Keys">PGP public key for each signer</A>
that you wish to trust. It should be entered in a key ring that is
accessible to the user-id that runs the news system by running
<I>pgp -ka</I> on a file containing the key to add. For example, at a
site that runs the news server software as <I>news</I>, the following
command run by the <I>news</I> user-id should add the key bounded by
BEGIN and END "PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK" lines in the file <I>/tmp/key</I>
to the default key ring that would be used for authentication:</P>
<PRE>
<I>pgp -ka /tmp/key</I>
</PRE>
<P>As a general policy rule, control message signers will not use their
control message keys to introduce other keys, so when PGP asks you a
question similar to, "Would you trust this user to act as an
introducer and certify other people's public keys to you?" answer that
you would not.</P>
<P>After you have added the appropriate key to your key ring, you need to
tell the news software to validate the control messages received.
As implemented, the system will perform the requested action if the
message can be authenticated and it will mail the message to the news
system administrator if it cannot. Clearly there are other possible
actions that could be implemented, but I wanted to keep the patches
minimal. Future releases of the server software will probably have
increased flexibility.</P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>If you are running INN:
<P>Automatic processing of control messages is handled by
<I>control.ctl</I>, which you edit in the same <I>site</I>
subdirectory where you patched <I>parsecontrol</I>.
<I>control.ctl</I> has several lines at the beginning of it that
describe the format of the file, and there is an even longer
<I>control.ctl(5)</I> manual page. To enable PGP verification in
addition to the normal authorization done by <I>control.ctl</I>, use
the action <B>verify-<I>pgp_userid</I></B> in the fourth field.
<P>For example, if you trust group-admin@isc.org (currently David
Lawrence <tale@isc.org>, aka tale@uunet.uu.net, the author of
this document) to manage groups in the "Big 8" hierarchies, you could
have lines like these (but don't use the backslash continuation, which
I have used here for readability; keep it all on one line):</P>
<PRE>
newgroup:group-admin@isc.org:\
comp.*|humanities.*|misc.*|news.*|rec.*|sci.*|soc.*|talk.*:\
verify-news.announce.newgroups
rmgroup:group-admin@isc.org:\
comp.*|humanities.*|misc.*|news.*|rec.*|sci.*|soc.*|talk.*:\
verify-news.announce.newgroups
checkgroups:group-admin@isc.org:\
comp.*|humanities.*|misc.*|news.*|rec.*|sci.*|soc.*|talk.*:\
verify-news.announce.newgroups
</PRE>
<P>Additionally, if you like the logging feature available with the
action <B>doit=<I>logfile</I></B>, you can get the same logging
by using <B>verify-<I>pgp_userid</I>=<I>logfile</I></B>.</P>
<LI>If you are running C News:
<P>Automatic processing of control messages is handled by
<I>controlperm</I>, which you edit in the subdirectory where you
patched the control message handling scripts. There is a
<I>controlperm(5)</I> manual page that describes its format. To
enable PGP verification in addition to the normal authorization done
by <I>controlperm</I>, use the action <B>p</B> in the fourth field
instead of <B>y</B>.</P>
<P>For example, if you trust group-admin@isc.org (currently David
Lawrence <tale@isc.org>, aka tale@uunet.uu.net, the author of
this document) to manage groups in the "Big 8" hierarchies, you could
have lines like these:</P>
<PRE>
comp,sci,misc,news,rec,soc,talk group-admin@isc.org nrc pv
</PRE>
<P>You could then remove the line that follows the comment, "but his name
can be forged, so don't let him rmgroup..."</P>
<P>Note that there is no provision, with the current C News patches, for
checking that the signature matches a particular string, just that it
it has a valid signature. This is probably adequate security as long
as you keep the news user's PGP key ring limited only to people you
trust to maintain newsgroup hierarchies.</P>
<LI> If you are running some other system:
<P>You're out of luck until someone writes a patch and instructions for
your system and makes it available to me for redistribution.</P>
</UL>
<LI>
Test the system.
<P>Get
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/sample.control">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/sample.control</A>
and save it to a file on your system; <I>/tmp/sample.control</I> will
be used for this example. You'll use it to make sure things will work
as expected.</P>
<P>To verify the control message, you will need the
<A HREF="#comp">key for news.announce.newgroups</A>
and authorization in your news system for group-admin@isc.org to
automatically perform "newgroup". Go ahead and enable it for the test
even if you don't want to really allow this, because it is easy enough
to rescind after the test by editing the control message authorization
file and removing the key with <I>pgp -kr news.announce.newgroups</I>.</P>
<P>You can check that the <I>pgpverify</I> part of the system will work
properly simply by feeding it the sample control message on stdin:
<PRE>
pgpverify < /tmp/sample.control
</PRE>
<P>If if could run pgp and find the correct key in the default key ring,
the string <B>news.announce.newgroups</B> should be printed. The exit
status of the script, found in most shells with the command <I>echo
$?</I> as the next command after <I>pgpverify</I>, should be 0 (zero).</P>
<P>If it doesn't work and you've tried and tried to figure out why,
<A HREF="mailto:tale@isc.org (David C Lawrence)">email me</A>
a complete description of the problem you are having and how you have
tried to remedy it. At a bare minimum, your mail should include a
copy of the message you are trying to verify, a typescript of the
attempted execution, and the output of <I>pgp -kc</I> and
<I>pgp -kvc news.announce.newgroups</I>.</P>
<P>When <I>pgpverify</I> passes its test, use the appropriate procedure
below for you news server to verify the authorization system.</P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>If you are running INN:
<P>First, cd to the directory where <I>parsecontrol</I> is installed.
Then execute the following four lines, in order, as the user who owns
the news system:</P>
<PRE>
/bin/sh
PROG=newgroup
set "--" group-admin@isc.org "" /tmp/sample.control
(. ./parsecontrol "$@"; echo $ACTION)
</PRE>
<P>If the message verified correctly, the <I>echo</I> command should
output <B>doit</B>; otherwise, verification failed and the output
should be <B>mail</B>.</P>
<P>Edit <I>/tmp/sample.control</I> and change all occurences of
<B>newusers</B> to <B>newgroups</B>. Then repeat the
<I>parsecontrol</I> and <I>echo</I> lines. This time verification
should fail.</P>
<LI>If you are running C News:
<P>Because of the way C News is implemented, I have not taken the trouble
to find out how it can be tested without running through the whole
<I>newgroup</I> script. If you are testing with <I>sample.control</I>,
I think this should let you know whether things will work:</P>
<PRE>
newsflag news.announce.newusers y
newgroup news.announce.newusers moderated < /tmp/sample.control
</PRE>
<P>(newsflag is the C News program <I>maint</I> subdirectory; newgroup is
in the <I>ctl</I> subdirectory.)</P>
<P>You should get a mail message telling you that news.announce.newusers
was changed to moderated. If it didn't appear to work, doublecheck
the <I>active</I> file. If it really didn't work, fix the status of
the group with the following command then let me know about.</P>
<PRE>
newsflag news.announce.newusers y
</PRE>
<P>If the message did verify correctly, edit <I>/tmp/sample.control</I>
and change all occurences of <B>newusers</B> to <B>newgroups</B>.
Then repeat the <I>newgroup</I> line with an <B>unmoderated</B>
argument instead of <B>moderated</B>; the argument is unused in the
PGP verification code and doing it this way saves you the effort of
<I>newsflag</I>ging things again.</P>
<P>With the changes to <I>sample.control</I> you should now get a mail
message saying, "authentication failed".</P>
<P>When you are all done, make sure news.announce.newusers is really
marked moderated in your <I>active</I> file.</P>
<LI>If you are running some other system:
<P>You're out of luck until someone writes a patch and instructions for
your system and makes it available to me for redistribution.</P>
</UL>
</OL>
<H2>Frequently Asked Questions</H2>
<OL>
<H3><LI>How come this presumably valid messages doesn't check out with
pgpverify?</H3>
<UL>
<LI>You don't have the latest version of <I>pgpverify</I>, which fixed
whatever bug is causing authentication of the message to fail.
<LI>You don't have your PGP configuration files and keyrings in the
default path used by <I>pgp</I> and <B>PGPPATH</B> is not correctly
set in your environment. Either move your PGP directory to the
default location or set the <B>$ENV{'PGPPATH'}</B> line in <I>pgpverify</I>.
(Warning: some INN versions set <B>$HOME</B> to <B>_PATH_NEWSLIB</B>,
so this might be the source of your trouble.)
<LI>You don't have the correct key for the user that signed it in your
key ring.
<LI>You are using a non-English version of <I>pgp</I>, set up with
a "<B>Language</B> = " line in your PGP <I>config.txt</I> file. This
means pgpverify can't find the string it is looking for in
the <I>pgp</I> output. <I>pgpverify</I> tries to overcome a non-English
language specification by setting <B>LANGUAGE</B> in the
environment before calling <I>pgp</I>, but <I>pgp</I> overrides the
runtime environment with the <I>config.txt</I> variables.
<LI>You cut-and-pasted the message in your window system, which
converted the tab characters in the original message into spaces in
the message you are trying to decode. Having this handled completely
correctly by the signing/verifying code is harder than you might first
think.
<LI>You are running <I>pgpverify</I> on a saved
copy of the article that includes an extraneous trailing newline, such
as might be inserted by saving the message from a mail handler or news
reader, that was not present in the original message.
<LI>You cut-and-pasted the sample INN <I>control.ctl</I> lines above
and left the continuation lines in, instead of joining each group of
three physical lines comprising one logical line to just one physical line.
</UL>
</OL>
<HR><HR>
<H2><A NAME="Keys">List of PGP Public Keys for Newsgroup Administration</A></H2>
<P>This is a list of keys known to be used for maintaining various parts
of the newsgroup namespace. They are listed alphabetically by the
hierarchies they are used for, along with the email address they are
sent by and the pgp key userid of the signature (both for use in
<I>control.ctl</I>). The group that people should follow if they are
interested in tracking announcements about the hierarchy is also
listed. The "Check also" references point to locations that should
have identical public key blocks; it is best if you confirm the block
listed here by checking against the others.</P>
<P>The existence of key here only means that I, David Lawrence, trust the
person who uses it to be a responsible maintainer of that particular
hierarchy of groups. You are solely responsible for deciding whether
you will use the keys here at your own site.</P>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="alabama"><HR></A> <H3>alabama, hsv</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:news@news.msfc.nasa.gov">news@news.msfc.nasa.gov</A><BR>
Key User ID: alabama-group-admin<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:alabama.config">alabama.config</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xE881E753">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0xE881E753", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 4.0 Personal Edition
mQCNAzL4ssYAAAEEAL7Bwtfi0Vblm4/ALgx9sPBn1S27h4VIo9Fnek3mv9zzraFV
mOqk55IRrBn7zBuOM02CIHGPoRtIq20mOcjNZPWyFFr1q1HsPync8MZbAYmSptNd
4tNNe8W+Xy9k5iWBuxjdOG40sGRw478JiMovjo4bs+Vll7dDOP2T9nLogedTAAUR
tBNhbGFiYW1hLWdyb3VwLWFkbWluiQCVAwUQMvi1Ja12xw2xQ7dDAQGp7QP/XcZy
KlFvq8f7c7AnSpGxMFlo0jNJqYc/UNYy76VqKmXUvcwGXWaJB6vAMU9yxsqyTYhj
OcE0ds4KILY0KJN31a+jW+H58ty8niL6VyiOTiKAEUHs7FwPCc3TkprY8GiKxDEx
xofcyT+PPeAlykU5ljEie3x5aUnX1mCRSh2+++8=
=3et7
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="be"><HR></A> <H3>be</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:news@innet.be">news@innet.be</A><BR>
Key User ID: be.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:be.announce">be.announce</A><BR>
Check also: <UL>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.innet.be/pub/staff/stef/be.announce.newgroups.asc">
ftp://ftp.innet.be/pub/staff/stef/be.announce.newgroups.asc</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xBA8601A1">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0xBA8601A1", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia
mQCNAzLiE1oAAAEEAMx8KAOO9TJzY8A9scImT1CFTZHe7gzynsvlzDprmGRoWYBa
xf1z61buwk24WnC/hXcHwKKxTi2gZ2UaFlrJLcsgtCo1+7000UYY1OrVSuojD5i6
0Senfi45cTqD/I5UH6qrGgfs6dacWXk6Fauw7ivvWMcvKys6Tx4Em/q6hgGhAAUR
tBViZS5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAy4hNaHgSb+rqGAaEBASoyA/sE
nEec3XRO9CnycCUYlw6Ls38+rW4KZZws/saeXuzSC5YF0mKM0LewuvQ53eogepYD
ybubtfdMjb2qvMQYHUvJzKiGymq02WTB6X+gZRKxywCroSU3057wLIAfX/GBe/zy
EMJV16sienUOFC5kjkkMEde4MA/QohlEKnGyt7xlWA==
=kCY2
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="bit"><HR></A> <H3>bit</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:jim@american.edu">jim@american.edu</A><BR>
Key User ID: bit.admin<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:bit.admin">bit.admin</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x06DBA755">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x06DBA755", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2
mQCNAzMlxQkAAAEEANTwEZGPrVPUc2LSw1Szbn8Vu9X/rsqmAuzITEA8+b7mDL6O
SMFDJcxqFo29oUWOwlgc3Ew01nk/ZcWYBhO1HkYCa7Ioz8bW8JiL8RWMA9x1WSjk
GBWdFiqszRFNZJztrpGqzs95kO12v17OQHTrJhr4z5+BqPKitbeWec8G26dVAAUR
tAliaXQuYWRtaW6JAJUDBRAzJckst5Z5zwbbp1UBAa9mA/9o2EkQnw6lR+4TDRO6
wDXGWtIswiImcEmOvWUC0/IZkBjX/0m+q1u6T4IA0G2SWevtda2lD21c+VRY8vV3
wKdLpiLTD9FMPYaraMyVBHFNFmoiQYwT7T/8n63gQEb/k0aK1UDWRfqS0r7H6Hvl
4RLF6N7Qa8f9VULKMbVtFdbsyw==
=I2GM
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="cl"><HR></A> <H3>cl</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:cl-koordination@dinoex.sub.org">cl-koordination@dinoex.sub.org</A><BR>
Key User ID: Dirk Meyer <dirk.meyer@dinoex.sub.org><BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:cl.koordination.einstellungen">cl.koordination.einstellungen</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x331CDA5D">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x331CDA5D", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2i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lJOBxUgb4V/Hy3yEYyo/mb/2334tJMXqUF0sYe0SV6JGEYXtm+P2JoyHjkZt+Hko
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ok0TJ6Hn5+OneTaK1WxVPgbafSOE8M+0pL7mvbJnfQgniIJjwgJBGQYu4yTh+F2R
jQhCpCeNWc/UPH455d1v+IuJQoLZ0JwqthKztFJ4Amqma95OAE8rWQ/tNmDt2SdC
liUbqkUEOOaa8LfxqvAQXA==
=3Hvu
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="clari"><HR></A>
<H3>clari</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:clarinet@clarinet.com">cl*@clarinet.com</A><BR>
(But see
<A HREF="http://www.clari.net/tech/inn.html#signing">
http://www.clari.net/tech/inn.html#signing</A>
)<BR>
Key User ID: ClariNet.Group<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:clari.net.admin">clari.net.admin</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.clari.net/tech/clarikey.txt">
http://www.clari.net/tech/clarikey.txt</A>
</UL>
<PRE>
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=stal
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="comp"><HR></A>
<H3>comp, humanities, misc, news, rec, sci, soc, talk</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:group-admin@isc.org">group-admin@isc.org</A><BR>
Key User ID: news.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:news.announce.newgroups">news.announce.newgroups</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/news.announce.newgroups/PGP.PUBLICKEY">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/news.announce.newgroups/PGP.PUBLICKEY</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xB88DA9C1">
pgp-public-keys-beta@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0xB88DA9C1", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
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=E8K8
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="de"><HR></A>
<H3>de</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:moderator@dana.de">moderator@dana.de</A><BR>
Key User ID: de.admin.news.announce<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:de.admin.news.announce">de.admin.news.announce</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.thur.de/pub/people/lutz/pgpnews/German/PGPKEYS">
ftp://ftp.thur.de/pub/people/lutz/pgpnews/German/PGPKEYS</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu/htbin/pks-extract-key.pl?op=get&search=0xD3033C99">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0xD3033C99", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2
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fB4DCQx/f7WJARUDBRAxngnCCdxwOTnzf10BAcKUB/9F8pyUyGKYc8I9lj3oUxe2
Piz+3DtTpBxvf3zQwylxFnWgZ9ZwuqhXmyzhBdUmGmT8xmk1jONJZyrR6P38D+h5
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y9iJs4QRI/gCjdqcvzHj1wHtLcVWiG+qQZxIXeX/u665Qe7aSSSrGLp7QOmFnAo1
iQCVAwUQMZ4H93U26rXTAzyZAQE0IgP/dTnrrgsVLRAa5gJYVWmQgSqkXYcsVgYt
isBpaGJSW2+5ifD7vaPu9Vj4aNvqO4zyzdAoWXiqRJ/qiXgoeG7DV01tw8s197RH
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AXQsA/96/iGcbkpEaOUdb3aQCzCDocUGCDH9UrRfjT0sjTMgAmXELdukCiMyt1KT
+vnnPqiwNRdIPD4h3Qk8U70BY6JCAAC03rOtg6EcUGn7ryH2TrvhiD0geqPcFZ1G
MkXq08qh9g9Wm9Gi8zP6VI7L1lyxuz7m3w+P1lUBDJ/EGSoPkA==
=i/Qv
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="efn"><HR></A> <H3>efn, eug</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:newsadmin@efn.org">newsadmin@efn.org</A><BR>
Key User ID: eug.config<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:euf.config">euf.config</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x265C90A7">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x265C90A7", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 4.0 Business Edition
mQCNAzLXM7UAAAEEAMddVSqOf6hpg5YFwOvJYMZM0GvJut1IdM+ioq2ol1VrD5pN
qykjqgn8dOCvM07r64yTRFHMG2iX13ibWrlRv0ot4Wf3K4ZPyGb97lUxz47x7XKB
rYiNxZSo38YoecqpWXyAzKP98woBL3xzl1wc5muPssRlGPxBKawdUS4mXJCnAAUR
tApldWcuY29uZmlniQCVAwUQMvzweawdUS4mXJCnAQGppQP+I8CYmfETXSP6gAbQ
3hgcE9tgtPtewTgAlV4m0VconEtqwI3b8tjgzC0gtnprvcZ1vCfRkjVNl9kIA+sV
+dHLVy0EeAKXLqZaUlX3TKU8WA9U2VzABiHSPWpbkeNFUiR9hS/BBlh4WL/T8mqg
N7GmwFYwYCGqcrvkFkFdIZKylOM=
=cGP0
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="es"><HR></A> <H3>es</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:news@news.rediris.es">news@news.rediris.es</A><BR>
Key User ID: es.news<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:es.news">es.news</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x6D457F19">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x6D457F19", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i
mQCNAzKltbIAAAEEAM9cNJJ8gJDDOA2mN9EDBlw4jOqFywOIUU8g+vBTJXnJi389
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Rtcs4dZ2MrnAK62eresA9f0LpPktTqV6KaFvugRewAoNnl9GnZAe7JVtRX8ZAAUR
tAdlcy5uZXdziQCVAwUQMqW1spAe7JVtRX8ZAQFBqgP/ddF/iolVGKNIoYLHVpb9
KcmJ0q6zB3+JynSz8Bsugg9Ojh2NlujzGeDVN8eY2eOkrAqYt806LCUEsAZTVwGv
VufAr3jVIIZrhdnTziMdJfq5GixzkJKwDNbOp/5z85wSGrmc5FlmoJ8lEvFznuP5
nnVjbiyR9Tqc3Ny9omAR2z8=
=LeAj
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="eug"><HR></A>
<H3>eug</H3>
See the <A HREF="#efn">efn</A> hierarchy entry.
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="fido7"><HR></A> <H3>fido7</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:newgroups-request@fido7.ru">newgroups-request@fido7.ru</A><BR>
Key User ID: fido7.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:fido7.postmasters">fido7.postmasters</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x02D04EF1">pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x02D04EF1", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2i
mQCNAzHp+EYAAAEEAMPTJYTs7vtBxL3seNLTIqfKfAEtBBw9DXgf5/Oqgq9Tr1pR
1iIRDNzLUxbtgYxbis7sS/9DjpjfMzxmhOAQgXPGcNPws56zj4pThKcb3+e+e2Ap
/7BJwmvdStuDNZBev2gCehkAC+BDhIYmkr+glH0RlvMo6Iztnt8dj6gC0E7xAAUT
tBhmaWRvNy5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAy25lJ1T70qQVgy2EBAYQA
A/9A/+oiR/AjhkOi/O1cKyT6qirb+amb1S3z00BA7eBo2oZVoClxOBe2XYJYUKtm
dVe6DnqmZjZfDDw8rozLuBURFVLnB37K71tzWCioRZZ9APVT/DtSEa2N7KpPInod
disB9+qXPXbGWdlMjDHk8RGMlmN6CfB+yhpZGiztKo6m9Q==
=Qpjh
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="fr"><HR></A>
<H3>fr</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:control@usenet.fr.net">control@usenet.fr.net</A><BR>
Key User ID: fr.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:fr.announce.newgroups">fr.announce.newgroups</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x382B64FD">
pgp-public-keys-beta@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0x382B64FD", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2i
mQCNAzF41OMAAAEEAOnjgblNPQ+Xhnxw3K/EMz1vm2sfi2Ci/XG8HsWg2yc+hQla
fMGQbQciSDFsBK0Kmy7gNvC9c7qAsQfeqpvQqJ+3hJiUvbQIi6bj2ZOSqE58Vh80
7Y+Fx71R/AKGZ88dGbysUg1r5770aw6JP1wn6Ve29PRTdS7yasmXGhU4K2T9AAUT
tBVmci5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAxf8MhyZcaFTgrZP0BAZ0ZA/0S
nxzmcN/yI858v+80ZpWaMkO/OtdF49gCfv/yv8xrRQfdGkjLFIl+Gry/H9236MZD
rTSjb5R2PaicExO3b0tcRAAGOXyrRwc1squDdSvldko2ewQE9giZ4T1+fJRou1yO
hbwPmaOBOt2EropUpvRPfKNeu/vjdKv1GEREkhIZTQ==
=o/05
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the benefit of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="gov"><HR></A> <H3>gov</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:gov-usenet-announce-moderator@govnews.org">gov-usenet-announce-moderator@govnews.org</A><BR>
Key User ID: gov.usenet.announce<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:gov.usenet.announce">gov.usenet.announce</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://www.govnews.org/govnews/site-setup/gov.pgpkeys">http://www.govnews.org/govnews/site-setup/gov.pgpkeys</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x7FFD7855">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x7FFD7855", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2
mQCNAzG6NYoAAAEEAOC2bDAFQlM5l81+WgWjJErVSCDeEyk+gzLionO42/CcC4Wm
eLgCLhl6y4OywoCDipYgOta0FG/dOMP9zTHaptc6HQJ2C+7rlWtSIn/g+Z4skgsP
SK2JbHe6FCPUphkV7MZ9iwOeTWpGeVo7T+ujSFRRd4dVk5ap2izi3FB//XhVAAUR
tBNnb3YudXNlbmV0LmFubm91bmNliQCVAwUQMwnq+Czi3FB//XhVAQFYxQQA1IGF
oFena1a9SI3lC9clkRr9w5nF7y4hh7T0DRg6M6r4naiegmisPFqvM1j8dnC3tU6x
5Vz1ATsP/Uu1GFecJ31u55m+N6pMrv56pqivK5PxV3PbEKV/9fHUT7o/2vsw3wge
AmsQ590GSur09cpxSY0TAU/hMQlK0FkN4jnGrAQ=
=rTFC
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="hsv"><HR></A>
<H3>hsv</H3>
See the <A HREF="#alabama">alabama</A> hierarchy entry.
<A NAME="humanities"><HR></A>
<H3>humanities</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="it"><HR></A> <H3>it</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:stefano@unipi.it">stefano@unipi.it</A><BR>
Key User ID: it.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:it.news.annunci">it.news.annunci</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://www.cilea.it/news-it/PGP.PUBLICKEY">
http://www.cilea.it/news-it/PGP.PUBLICKEY
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x185317B9">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x185317B9", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia
mQCNAzMVXxIAAAEEAN0LuCQNW3k//UZAn/yCnVOhFjb02B4iuLZmhdp7fbRaTVIp
Fwiljr/mn6xhZA9Lo4BnkZI7VXL8oMeBdmmddY+yWgDYDRpZRa8GmIqJPXDlBsRG
3dr9tshdIMwhaRqihpUeVaqupzKVJyuc0g5d70Q0Y+B//HCuNiHVXW8YUxe5AAUT
tBVpdC5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAzFV8VIdVdbxhTF7kBAYeXA/95
YACqLdQyXPDidE2/otKDayimUNllP281xQj1KXz24kv/0WEZLkCAWMyfbjh9VVKC
dMbMzEaVr3pZpoQXT7KiGGCsR6Yi27S0Ajntg3sNZo11wHTdIcoksZyyNhyMVBOz
2l9E63yezzmokmW7EDfNanmi60SRK8t73j6sa9nVVg==
=Dsxa
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="kanto"><HR></A> <H3>kanto</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:ty@kamoi.imasy.or.jp">ty@kamoi.imasy.or.jp</A><BR>
Key User ID: kanto.news.network<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:kanto.news.network">kanto.news.network</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x9DE6D0E1">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x9DE6D0E1", empty body)
</UL>
<STRONG>NOTE:</STRONG> only used for rmgroup/checkgroups. ty@kamoi says,
"anyone who can prepare the charter for the 'new'
newsgroup" may send a kanto.* newgroup.
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i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=3qm+
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="misc"><HR></A>
<H3>misc</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<A NAME="news"><HR></A>
<H3>news</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<!-- formatted poorly for the benefit of a rudimentary html to text converter>
<A NAME="nl"><HR></A> <H3>nl</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:nl-admin@nic.surfnet.nl">nl-admin@nic.surfnet.nl</A><BR>
Key User ID: nl.newsgroups<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:nl.newsgroups">nl.newsgroups</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x23E9B3A9">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x23E9B3A9", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia
mQCNAzLS7GkAAAEEAM+9XI6apW0uhXWIoWDPcRxwRYU/94rxETu0OHrPqXTSQt8D
Eq/UyrZ3eW7AsDG9zsC0zAVjgO2MP+N4+5fcwFtr/sjbaHGbX0j3P51w2LXqWoxM
Mm2EcvxC8HqIVE8Z/1Wc1K2wvhrLEzH90injzWD0nTT4WFVXYAjaI3Yj6bOpAAUR
tA1ubC5uZXdzZ3JvdXBziQCVAwUQMtLsagjaI3Yj6bOpAQEL9wP8CfsFzW6QdW9w
Ofq5EbWPa9JQ70dTtbFpaPKh3MEcv1vpAKlCrmwpEQ0cXTTgYn02VFSWueBI/69v
iYOh92BD3+k6Uyku4SkmnoS99H3AfMCwpWsZzgqVStcJF/Q76KCDBHjJ4KHOrR01
sN5wP5ohSRj/0ju05BoJ3WW18xUI/bY=
=mqDR
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="nz"><HR></A> <H3>nz</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:root@usenet.net.nz">root@usenet.net.nz</A><BR>
Key User ID: nz-hir-control<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:nz.net.announce">nz.net.announce</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xB8E552C5">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0xB8E552C5", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i
mQCNAzNYhVkAAAEEAMtQi97id2CiV5TFAqB0xWP2S+4+dEx7lqvh/yXdAmMKHgUH
UFckf6+Nm62JGjzAvInoKdRN59zL1dYoAB/ZHzthWOlOaleGWM729txFlk6JBuoW
A/esv+P0BmG/RslIhp7Cyi9oySdFdQvUzd6RFBybJEC+Q0DCvvsII0K45VLFAAUR
tA5uei1oaXItY29udHJvbIkAlQMFEDNYhVn7CCNCuOVSxQEBi/ED/3eZE6LDVYgA
IlGgKn3jXK/vECvE3URq9XKdsBQovxEJz1AQEvhJuHzjap5JfbUTqqITZMfmqL6Z
IOZeCdGGrKw/SqFRM5Knq1Km6uK2D84m2n2zepsvqHb4IDY6j03pZJAd0r2EAMV+
QOVP7HJ8qn7hgFSiZUuu4Afr7v3K2qfb
=aND1
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="pgh"><HR></A>
<H3>pgh</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:pgh-config@psc.edu">pgh-config@psc.edu</A><BR>
Key User ID: pgh.config<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:pgh.config">pgh.config</A><BR>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2
mQCNAzKkdTUAAAEEAMJVCGgsorYtryCzGKYe6tTv5tgE6l4j3eKkYkdn37icoFAx
VANFdTHy/1e5GQJxMcnDV3610NQNSXE2sTc8br2IBYqbt7XkyQ48xzW6/qdARQHu
b9cp0epIKKOu/4Zguxw+hkLyN4leziO1ts1ThnV2Tkaixu9+BpgGy01AM7MxAAUR
tApwZ2guY29uZmlniQCVAwUQMqR1aJgGy01AM7MxAQEYbwP+MZRjtrY/wiayMehw
KSDwXZqHh1stPOu/Rh8msk7ebeq4KdnLIgLinwcWZM1v4+ktww4TO2OKXouIVKtL
YTNVLYAF3AAmHee00XFDaaZMIOsPfEwr+P4YUjLvxPfj1IEaEQXpODQTLUCqRYZ2
AupSOzmnD4HwwDt5Q5/1BosAg/c=
=mXnj
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="pl"><HR></A>
<H3>pl</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:michalj@fuw.edu.pl">michalj@*fuw.edu.pl</A>
or <A HREF="mailto:newgroup@usenet.pl">newgroup@usenet.pl</a><BR>
Key User ID: pl.announce.newgroups<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:pl.news.admin">pl.news.admin</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.ict.pwr.wroc.pl/doc/news-pl-new-site-faq.html#pgp">
http://www.ict.pwr.wroc.pl/doc/news-pl-new-site-faq.html#pgp</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu/htbin/pks-extract-key.pl?op=get&search=0x838AF8ED">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0x838AF8ED", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2i
mQCNAzGvEY4AAAEEAL8clpC5yydhkMN1ppivfj3E6EIyZtntScjuCyI+RwpvLf9o
So+FLbiMmjjCV7BNjds7c1yaDMPDFetZlqEYKof5Q0QK2bDaaou3wtnDesAXqrde
K24GURn0N2BYWR9sEFJ4bwn8fudHelFcAXPt24lI29bu6dX+LddKTteDivjtAAUR
tBVwbC5hbm5vdW5jZS5uZXdncm91cHOJAJUDBRAyc5r/10pO14OK+O0BAWq9A/0e
So5/56x6hkT0to92FUiIbcoHF6J20sa4edDXbzTHZTvNJh3K4iSBwkspMcx8AWyS
36ckftXsZP2xRTj2Dk4xgLLCcFBjPHt7q5ysa8dChkgEu8770OE5atbQZorzz757
xpOgKmjRXLVbzt680Z807jH/zOo+BRby3ZMJFtGPyrQXPGNvbnRyb2xAYWRtLnVz
ZW5ldC5wbD4=
=n+Qy
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="rec"><HR></A>
<H3>rec</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<A NAME="sat"><HR></A>
<H3>sat</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:satgroup@endicor.com">satgroup@endicor.com</A><BR>
Key User ID: satgroup@endicor.com<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:sat.usenet.config">sat.usenet.config</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.endicor.com/sat-faq/pubkey.asc">
send-satgroup-pubkey@endicor.com</A> (Subject: and body don't matter)
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x98690EE9">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0x98690EE9", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.2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=IUEe
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="schule"><HR></A> <H3>schule</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:newsctrl@schule.de">newsctrl@schule.de</A><BR>
Key User ID: schule.konfig<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:schule.konfig">schule.konfig</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x21DBB2A5">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x21DBB2A5", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i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=NKHc
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="sci"><HR></A>
<H3>sci</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="si"><HR></A> <H3>si</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:news-admin@arnes.si">news-admin@arnes.si</A><BR>
Key User ID: si.news.announce.newsgroups<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:si.news.announce.newsgroups">si.news.announce.newsgroups</A><BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x434E1955">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x434E1955", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3ia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=EWB7
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="soc"><HR></A>
<H3>soc</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<A NAME="talk"><HR></A>
<H3>talk</H3>
See the <A HREF="#comp">comp</A> hierarchy entry.
<A NAME="uk"><HR></A>
<H3>uk</H3>
Control message sender:
<A HREF="mailto:control@usenet.org.uk">control@usenet.org.uk</A><BR>
Key User ID: uk.net.news.announce<BR>
Administrative group:
<A HREF="news:uk.net.news.announce">uk.net.news.announce</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x21F2F1D9">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0x21F2F1D9", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6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=SaMt
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<!-- formatted poorly for the sake of a rudimentary html to text converter -->
<A NAME="un"><HR></A> <H3>un</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:ungroups@news.itu.int">ungroups@news.itu.int</A><BR>
Key User ID: ungroups@news.itu.int<BR>
Administrative group: unknown<BR>
Check also: <UL><LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x44F62A81">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A>
("Subject: GET 0x44F62A81", empty body)
</UL><PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i
mQCNAzM2VakAAAEEAMj6+3NSJItwhqTJHMsNlGIBz6FxzTohNweqqoIuHhx4Q0sL
YP33VAhABmoSCOsbmQUaWruRoO2Xqt+2a+x4klZB9PCIk/reCqS4qNA/Va/6qi65
HIUniiSu3JrineZUjZ7uv65Eolfm7aUi/BpQgw3ymW8Jglgq45lzddlE9iqBAAUT
tBV1bmdyb3Vwc0BuZXdzLml0dS5pbnSJAJUDBRAzNlWqmXN12UT2KoEBAb9pBAC8
ppqj/r373Mb5ATZ9+gXpoBk8BIAztSmK1sB+5R/K3JeDFSjKHNnSBjgMLn3KzXHW
bJ9I6BK14AbVQ9Cdbk5rzuoVkUTuuCzi1jbgt9yZKwSeI/bStXOsvUU4Gf2dHqwL
W4E41GioIMvKYSdymBPAYcVBc/C4PJghfb7B3E0QrA==
=MdCR
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<A NAME="z-netz"><HR></A>
<H3>z-netz</H3>
Control message sender: <A HREF="mailto:z-netz-gatekoo@as-node.jena.thur.de">z-netz-gatekoo@as-node.jena.thur.de</A><BR>
Key User ID: z-netz.koordination.user+sysops<BR>
Administrative group: <A HREF="news:z-netz.koordination.user+sysops">z-netz.koordination.user+sysops</A><BR>
Check also:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://pgp.ai.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xD59F717D">
pgp-public-keys@pgp.ai.mit.edu</A> ("Subject: GET 0xD59F717D", empty body)
</UL>
<PRE>
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.6.3i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=vT5W
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</PRE>
<HR><HR>
<H2><A NAME="Signing">Signing Control Messages</A></H2>
<P>If you are responsible for sending control messages about authorized
changes to a newsgroup hierarchy, then
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/signcontrol">
ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/news/misc/pgpcontrol/signcontrol</A> will
sign your control messages so that <I>pgpverify</I> can authenticate
them. It is a Perl script that requires Perl version 5 or higher to
work. It has several configuration parameters that should be reviewed
before use.</P>
<P>When establishing a PGP key and control message sender, please use
tokens that are not tied to a particular individual. This makes it
easier to transfer the administrative responsibility when it finally
comes time. (The all-too-common "tale@uunet.uu.net" sender is still
appearing in Big 8 control messages because of its legacy in the
installed server base; eventually it will be completely phased out and
only group-admin@isc.org will be used.) Please also do not sign other
keys with the key that is used for control messages.</P>
<P>If you will be using this script to sign control messages, please
<A HREF="mailto:tale@isc.org (David C Lawrence)">let me know</A> the
hierarchy that you are responsible for maintaining and the information
that you would like to appear in the <A HREF="#Keys">List of PGP
Public Keys for Newsgroup Administration</A>.</P>
<HR><HR>
<H2><A NAME="Getting PGP">How to Get PGP</A></H2>
<P>Information about obtaining PGP can be found in the
<A HREF="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/pgp-faq/where-is-PGP/faq.html">
Where to get the latest PGP FAQ</A>
article, posted regularly in the
<A HREF="news:alt.security.pgp">alt.security.pgp</A>
newsgroup.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Getting Perl">How to Get Perl</A></H2>
<P>Information about obtaining Perl can be found in the
<A HREF="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/perl-faq/part1/faq.html">
comp.lang.perl.* FAQ 1/5 - Availability</A>
article, posted regularly in the
<A HREF="news:comp.lang.perl.misc">comp.lang.perl.misc</A>
newsgroup.</P>
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Last modified: 30 October 1996
<ADDRESS>
David C Lawrence<BR>
<A HREF="mailto:tale@isc.org (David C Lawrence)">tale@isc.org</A>
</ADDRESS>
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